בראשית רבה י״אBereshit Rabbah 11

Section 4ד׳

רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר, מִפְּנֵי אִיסְטְנִיסִים בֵּרְכוֹ בְּמַטְעַמִּים. רַבֵּנוּ עָשָׂה סְעוּדָה לְאַנְטוֹנִינוּס בְּשַׁבָּת, הֵבִיא לְפָנָיו תַּבְשִׁילִין שֶׁל צוֹנֵן אָכַל מֵהֶם וְעָרַב לוֹ, עָשָׂה לוֹ סְעוּדָה בַּחוֹל הֵבִיא לְפָנָיו תַּבְשִׁילִין רוֹתְחִין, אָמַר לוֹ אוֹתָן עָרְבוּ לִי יוֹתֵר מֵאֵלּוּ. אָמַר לוֹ תֶּבֶל אֶחָד הֵן חֲסֵרִין. אָמַר לוֹ וְכִי יֵשׁ קֵילָרִין שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ חָסֵר כְּלוּם, אָמַר לוֹ שַׁבָּת הֵן חֲסֵרִין, אִית לָךְ שַׁבָּת. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי שַׁיְלֵיהּ לְרַבִּי, אָמַר לוֹ בְּנֵי בָּבֶל בִּזְכוּת מָה הֵן חַיִּים, אָמַר לוֹ בִּזְכוּת הַתּוֹרָה. וּבְנֵי אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּזְכוּת מָה, אָמַר לוֹ בִּזְכוּת מַעַשְׂרוֹת. וְאַנְשֵׁי חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ בִּזְכוּת מָה, אָמַר לוֹ בִּזְכוּת שֶׁהֵן מְכַבְּדִין אֶת הַשַּׁבָּתוֹת וְיָמִים טוֹבִים. אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא פַּעַם אַחַת זִמְנַנִי אָדָם אֶחָד בְּלוּדְקִיָא וְהֵבִיא לְפָנֵינוּ דְּיוֹסְקוּס אֶחָד טָעוּן בְּי"ו מוֹטוֹת, וּבוֹ מִכָּל מַה שֶּׁנִּבְרָא בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְרֵאשִׁית, וְתִינוֹק אֶחָד הָיָה יוֹשֵׁב בְּאֶמְצָעִיתוֹ, וְהָיָה מַכְרִיז וְאוֹמֵר (תהלים כד, א): לַה' הָאָרֶץ וּמְלוֹאָהּ תֵּבֵל וְישְׁבֵי בָהּ, כָּל כָּךְ לָמָּה שֶׁלֹא תָּזוּחַ דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת עָלָיו. אָמַרְתִּי לוֹ בְּנִי מֵהֵיכָן זָכִיתָ לְכָל הַכָּבוֹד הַזֶּה. אָמַר לִי, טַבָּח הָיִיתִי, וְכָל בְּהֵמָה יָפָה שֶׁהָיִיתִי רוֹאֶה כָּל יְמוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת הָיִיתִי מַפְרִישָׁהּ לְשַׁבָּת. וְאָמַרְתִּי לוֹ לֹא עַל מַגָּן זָכִיתָ. אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא, עוֹבָדָא הֲוָה בְּרוֹמִי בַּעֲרוֹבַת צוֹמָא רַבָּה, וַהֲוָה תַּמָּן חַד חַיָּט וַאֲזַל דְּיִזְדַּבַּן לֵיהּ חַד נוּן, אִשְׁתְּכַח הוּא וְטַלְיָא דְּאִיפַּרְכוֹס קָיְימִין עִילָוֵיהּ, הֲוָה הָדֵין מַסֵּיק לֵיהּ בְּטִימֵי וְהָדֵין מַסֵּיק לֵיהּ בְּטִימֵי, עַד דְּמָטְיָא לִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר דִּינָרִין, וּנְסָבֵא הַהוּא חַיָּטָא. בְּעָנָתָא דַּאֲרִיסְטוֹן אֲמַר אִיפַּרְכוֹס לְטַלְיָה לָמָּה לָא אַיְתֵית לִי נוּן. אֲמַר לֵיהּ, מָרִי מָה לִכְפֹּר מִינָךְ, אֲזַלִּית וְלָא הֲוָה תַּמָּן אֶלָּא חַד נוּן, וְאִשְׁתְּכָחִית אֲנָא וְחַד יְהוּדָאי קָיְימִין עִילָוֵיהּ, וַהֲוָה הוּא מַסֵּיק לֵיהּ בְּטִימֵי וַאֲנָא מַסֵּיק לֵיהּ בְּטִימֵי, עַד דְּמָטְיָא לִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר דִּנָּרִין, מָה הֲוַת בְּעָא דְּנַיְיתָא לָךְ נוּן בִּתְרֵי עֲשַׂר דִּנָּרִין, אֶתְמְהָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָאן הוּא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ בַּר נָשׁ פְּלַן, שְׁלַח בַּתְרֵיהּ וַאֲתָא לְגַבֵּיהּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָה חֲמֵית חַיָּט יְהוּדָאי דַּאֲכַלְתְּ נוּן בִּתְרֵי עֲשַׂר דִּנָּרִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָרִי אִית לָן חַד יוֹם, בְּכָל חוֹבִין דַּאֲנַן עָבְדִין כָּל יוֹמֵי שַׁתָּא, הוּא מְכַפֵּר עֲלֵינַן. וְכַד הוּא אֲתָא לֵית אֲנַן צְרִיכִין לְיַקּוּרֵי יָתֵיהּ. אֲמַר כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֵבֵאתָ רְאָיָה לִדְבָרֶיךָ הֲרֵי אַתָּה פָּטוּר. מַה פָּרַע לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הָלַךְ וְקָרַע אוֹתָהּ וְזִמֵּן לוֹ בְּתוֹכָהּ מַרְגָּלִיּוֹת טוֹבָה, וְהָיָה מִתְפַּרְנֵס הֵימֶנָּהּ כָּל יָמָיו.

Rabbi Elazar said in the name of Rabbi Yosei: For the sake of fastidious people, He blessed it with delicacies. Our master [Rabbi] once prepared a feast for Antoninus on Shabbat. He brought before him some cold cooked dishes. He ate them and enjoyed them. He [Rabbi] prepared another feast for him on a weekday. He brought before him some hot cooked dishes. He said to him: ‘Those [from Shabbat] pleased me more than these.’ He said to him: ‘They [the weekday foods] are missing a certain spice.’ He said to him: ‘Is it possible that the pantry of the king is lacking anything?’ He said: ‘They are lacking Shabbat. Do you have Shabbat?’ Rabbi Yishmael ben Rabbi Yosei asked Rabbi, he said to him: ‘The [Jewish] residents of Babylon, by what merit do they live?’ He said to him: ‘It is by the merit of the Torah [which they study diligently].’ ‘And the residents of the Land of Israel, by what merit [do they live]?’ He said to him: ‘It is by the merit of tithes [which they separate from their produce].’ ‘And the residents outside of the Land of Israel, by what merit [do they live]?’ ‘It is by the merit of the fact that they honor Shabbatot and the festivals.’ Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said: One time a certain person in Laodicea invited me and brought before us a round tabletop borne on sixteen poles, and on it was every type of food that was created during the six days of Creation. There was a certain child sitting in the middle of the tabletop and proclaiming and saying: “The earth and all that it holds are the Lord’s, the world and all its inhabitants” (Psalms 24:1). And why did he go to such lengths? It was so the host should not become haughty [from all his wealth]. I said to him [the host]: ‘Son, from where did you merit all this honor?’ He said to me: ‘I used to be a butcher, and every time I saw a fine animal over the week days, I would set it aside for Shabbat.’ I said to him: ‘It is not for naught that you merited [all this].’ Rabbi Tanḥuma said: There was an incident in Rome on the day before the great fast [Yom Kippur]. There was a certain tailor there and he went [to the market] to purchase a fish. It happened that he and the child [servant] of the governor were vying for it. This one would offer a higher price and the other one would offer a still higher price, until it reached twelve dinars, and the tailor purchased it. At dinnertime, the governor said to the child: ‘Why did you not bring me a fish?’ He said to him: ‘My master, I will not conceal it from you, I went [to the market] and there was only one fish there and it happened that I and a certain Jew were vying for it. He offered a higher price and I offered a higher price until it reached twelve dinars. Would you have wanted me to bring you a fish for twelve dinars?’ he asked rhetorically. He said to him: ‘Who is it [who bought the fish]?’ He said to him: ‘A man named such-and-such.’ He sent for him and he came before him. He said to him: ‘What did you see, Jewish tailor, that led you to eat a fish that cost twelve dinars?’ He said to him: ‘My master, we have one day [each year] that atones for us for all the sins we have performed all the days of the year. When it arrives, should we not accord it honor?’ He said to him: ‘Because you adduced a justification for your position, you are exempt [from punishment].’ How did the Holy One blessed be He reward him? He went and cut it open and He brought it about for him that there was a fine gem inside it, and he supported himself from it all his days.

Section 5ה׳

טוּרְנוֹסְרוּפּוּס הָרָשָׁע שָׁאַל אֶת רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אָמַר מַה יּוֹם מִיּוֹמַיִם, אֲמַר לֵיהּ וּמַה גְּבַר מִן גּוּבְרִין. אֲמַר מָה אֲמָרִית לָךְ, וּמָה אֲמַרְתְּ לִי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אֲמַרְתְּ לִי מַה יּוֹם מִיּוֹמַיִם, מַאי שְׁנָא יוֹמָא דְשַׁבַּתָּא מִכָּל יוֹמָא, וַאֲמָרִית לָךְ וּמָן גֶּבֶר מִגּוּבְרִין, מַאי שְׁנָא טוּרְנוּסְרוּפּוֹס מִכָּל גּוּבְרִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ שֶׁרָצָה הַמֶּלֶךְ לְכַבְּדֵנִי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַף זוֹ שֶׁרָצָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְכַבְּדָהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ מְנָאן אַתְּ מוֹדַע לִי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ הֲרֵי נְהַר סַמְבַּטְיוֹן יוֹכִיחַ, שֶׁמּוֹשֵׁךְ אֲבָנִים כָּל יְמוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת, וּבְשַׁבָּת הוּא נָח. אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְנַגְדָא אַתְּ נָגֵיד לִי, אֶתְמְהָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ וַהֲרֵי הַמַּעֲלֶה אֶת הַמֵּת בִּזְכוּרוֹ יוֹכִיחַ, שֶׁהוּא עוֹלֶה כָּל יְמוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת וּבְשַׁבָּת אֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה, וְהַהוּא גַּבְרָא לֶהֱוֵי בָּדַק בַּאֲבוּהִי. חַד זְמַן צָרִיךְ וּבָדַק בַּאֲבוּהוֹ, וּסְלֵק כָּל יוֹמָא דְּשַׁבַּתָּא, וּבְשַׁבַּתָּא לָא סְלֵק. בְּחַד שַׁבַּתָּא אַסְקֵיהּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּא מִן דְּמִיתַת אִתְעַבְדֵית יְהוּדִי, אֶתְמְהָא. מִפְּנֵי מָה עָלִיתָ כָּל יְמוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת, וְשַׁבָּת לֹא עָלִיתָ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ כָּל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְשַׁמֵּר אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת אֶצְלְכֶם בִּרְצוֹנוֹ, כָּאן הוּא מְשַׁמֵּר אוֹתוֹ בְּעַל כָּרְחוֹ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ וְכִי עָמָל יֵשׁ לָכֶם שֶׁאַתֶּם עֲמֵלִים כָּל יְמוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת, וּבְשַׁבָּת אַתֶּם נוֹחִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ כָּל יְמוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת אָנוּ נִדּוֹנִין וּבְשַׁבָּת אָנוּ נוֹחִין. חָזַר אֵצֶל רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אָמַר לוֹ אִם כִּדְבָרֶיךָ שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְכַבֵּד אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת, אַל יַשֵּׁב בָּהּ רוּחוֹת, אַל יוֹרִיד בָּהּ גְּשָׁמִים, אַל יַצְמִיחַ בָּהּ עֵשֶׂב. אֲמַר לֵיהּ תִּפַּח רוּחֵיהּ דְּהַהוּא גַבְרָא, אֶמְשֹׁל לְךָ מָשָׁל, לִשְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ דָּרִין בְּחָצֵר אַחַת, אִם אֵין זֶה נוֹתֵן עֵרוּב וְזֶה נוֹתֵן עֵרוּב, שֶׁמָּא מֻתָּרִין לְטַלְטֵל בֶּחָצֵר. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה אֶחָד דָּר בֶּחָצֵר, הֲרֵי הוּא מֻתָּר בְּכָל הֶחָצֵר כֻּלָּהּ, אַף כָּאן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְפִי שֶׁאֵין רְשׁוּת אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֹ, וְכָל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, מֻתָּר בְּכָל עוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁהֲרֵי אוֹכְלֵי הַמָּן מְעִידִין עָלָיו, שֶׁכָּל יְמוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת הָיָה יוֹרֵד וּבְשַׁבָּת לֹא הָיָה יוֹרֵד.

The wicked [governor] Tinneus Rufus asked Rabbi Akiva: ‘How is this day [Shabbat] different from the other days of the week?’ He said to him: ‘How is this man [Tinneus Rufus] different from other men?’ He said: ‘What did I say to you and what did you say to me?’ He said to him: ‘You said to me: How is this day different from the other days of the week, meaning, in what way is Shabbat different from every day? And I said to you: How is this man different other men, meaning, in what way is Tinneus Rufus different from other men?’ He said to him: ‘It is because the king wished to honor me.’ He said to him: ‘This [Shabbat], too, the Holy One blessed be He wished to honor it.’ He said to him: ‘From where can you prove it to me?’ He said to him: ‘The Sambatyon River proves it, as it flows with stones all the days of the week, but on Shabbat it rests.’ He said to him in astonishment: ‘Are you dragging me to a river?’ He said to him: ‘Necromancers, who raise the dead via the male organ, will prove it, as a dead man can be brought up all the days of the week, but on Shabbat he cannot be brought up. Let this man [Tinneus Rufus] test this out with his father.’ One time, he [Tinneus Rufus] needed to do so, and he tested it with his father. He was brought up all the days of the week, but on Shabbat he could not be brought up. On Sunday he brought him up again. He said to him in bewilderment: ‘Since you died, have you become a Jew? Why were you brought up all the days of the week, but on Shabbat you could not be brought up?’ He said to him: ‘Anyone who does not observe Shabbat willingly in your place, will observe it here perforce.’ He said to him: ‘Do you have labor there for which you exert yourselves all the days of the week, that you can experience rest on Shabbat?’ He said to him: ‘All the days of the week we are punished, but on Shabbat we rest.’ He [Tinneus Rufus] returned to Rabbi Akiva and said to him: ‘If it is as you say, that the Holy One blessed be He honors the Shabbat, let him not make the wind blow [on Shabbat], let him not make rain fall, let him not allow grass to grow.’ He said to him: ‘May the spirit of that man depart from him. I will tell you a parable: [It is analogous to] two people who resided in the same courtyard. If one does not contribute to the eruv and the other one contributes to the eruv, is it, perhaps, permitted to transport items in the courtyard? However, if one person resides in a courtyard alone, it is permitted for him [to transport items] in the entire courtyard. Here, too, the Holy One blessed be He, because there is no other power that co-exists with Him, and the entire world is His, it is permitted for Him [to transport items] throughout the entire world. Additionally, those who partook of the manna can attest to it, as all the days of the week it would fall, but on Shabbat it did not fall.’